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1 flowed surface
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > flowed surface
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2 flowed surface
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3 flowed surface
Техника: оплавленная поверхность -
4 surface
1) поверхность3) планировать; профилировать; выравнивать поверхность4) крепить поверхность ( грунта)7) полировать; покрывать лаком ( деревянные поверхности)8) подниматься на поверхность; всплывать9) выдавать на поверхность (напр. о скважине)10) гидр. уровень•to bring to true [uniform\] surface — провешивать поверхность; разравнивать; заглаживать ( в штукатурных работах)-
abrasive surface
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absorbing surface
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accessible surface
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acting surface
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active front surface
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adsorbing surface
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angled surface
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annular lapping surface
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antireflective surface
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approaching surfaces
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aquifer's potentiometric surface
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armoring surface of plunge pool
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artesian pressure surface
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asphaltic runway surface
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atomically clean surface
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back surface
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bar surface
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bath surface
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bearing surface
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bidden surface
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bit gage surface
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black chrome surface
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Bloch surface
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boundary surface
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boundary-lubricated surface
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break surface
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bubble-melt surface
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bulged surface
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cam-contacting surfaces
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caustic surface
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center plate bearing surface
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checked surface
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clean surface
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clearance surface
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cleavage surface
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close-packed surface
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coated surface
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colored keying surface
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color keying surface
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concave surface
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concrete runway surface
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conducting surface
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conformal surface
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conical bearing surface
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contact surface
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control surface
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convergence surface
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convex surface
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cooling surface
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corrugated surface
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creep surface
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crushed stone runway surface
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curved surface
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cut surface
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cylindrical surface
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cylindric surface
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damming surface
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datum surface
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dichroic surface
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diffuse surface
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diffusing surface
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dimple-type surface
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dirt runway surface
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display surface
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dose packed surface
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drag surface
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drainage surface
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drive surfaces
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driving surface
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edge surface
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electroded surface
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emitting surface
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end surface
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energy conduction surface
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energy surface
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engagement surface
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engineering surface
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equal energy surface
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equiphase surface
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equipotential surface
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equipressure surface
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equiscalar surface
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exposed surface
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Fermi surface
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fillet surface
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finished surface
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flanged bearing surface
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flank surface
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flat surface
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flaw-free surface
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flowed surface
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formed surface
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fractured surface
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fracture surface
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free water surface
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fresh mold surface
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fretted surface
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friction surface
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front surface
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functional surface
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gaging surface
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gassy surface
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glazed surface
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grained surface
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grass runway surface
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gravel runway surface
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grooved runway surface
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ground surface
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groundwater surface
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growth surface
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hammered surface
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hardened surface
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heat sink surface
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heat transfer surface
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heat-absorbing surface
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heat-dissipated surface
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heat-emitting surface
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heat-exchange surface
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heat-generating surface
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heating surface
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heat-releasing surface
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hot surface
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hungry surface
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hydrodynamically lubricated surface
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illuminated surface
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image surface
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imaginary surface
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interface surface
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ion-exchanging surface
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ironed surface
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isothermal surface
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job surface
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Lambert surface
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landing surface
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lateral surface
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leakage surface
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light-sensitive surface
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liquidus surface
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location surface
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low friction surface
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macadam runway surface
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machined surface
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mating surfaces
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matted surface
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maximum controllable water surface
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maximum water surface
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median surface
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mirrored surface
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modified surface
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molded surface
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mottled surface
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natural stream surface
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neutral surface
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nonanalytic surface
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nonconforming surfaces
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nonsingular surface
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normal reservoir water surface
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obstacle clearance surface
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one-sided surface
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one-side surface
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optically plane surface
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outgassing surface
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packing surface
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passivated surface
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patch surface
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perfect reflecting surface
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peripheral surface
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photosensitive surface
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phreatic surface
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piezometric surface
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planar surface
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porous runway surface
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prevailing surface
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printing surface
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profiled surface
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radial surface
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radiant surface
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raked surface
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reciprocating surfaces
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recording surface
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reference surface
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reflective surface
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refrigerating surface
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reheater surface
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reservoir surface
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ribbed surface
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rigid surface
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rippled surface
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ritted surface
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road surface
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rough surface
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roughened surface
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rubbing surface
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run-in surface
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running surface
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runway surface
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ruptured surface
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saddle surface
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saturated surface
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scabby surface
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sculpted surface
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sea level surface
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sealing surface
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selective surface
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sensitive surface
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settling-up surface
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settling surface
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singular surface
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slagged surface
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sleeper lower surface
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sleeper upper surface
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sliding surface
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slip surface
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smooth surface
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solar module surface
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solid-film lubricated surface
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solidus surface
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specific collecting surface
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specific surface
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specular surface
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spherical bearing surface
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spongy surface
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stabilizing surface
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standard isobaric surface
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starved surface
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storage surface
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suction surface
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superheating surface
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supporting surface
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surface of action
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surface of failure
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surface of revolution
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surface of rupture
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tapered surface
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texturized surface
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thermally distressed surface
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transient surface
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underlying surface
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undulating surface
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unfinished surface
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unilateral surface
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unmachined surface
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unrun surface
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upper surface
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viewing surface
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water surface
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waterwall surface
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wave surface
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wavy surface
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wearing surface
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wear surface
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work surface
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workpiece surface
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Wulff surface -
5 оплавленная поверхность
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > оплавленная поверхность
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6 оплавленная поверхность
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > оплавленная поверхность
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7 Fourdrinier, Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 11 February 1766 London, Englandd. 3 September 1854 Mavesyn Ridware, near Rugeley, Staffordshire, England[br]English pioneer of the papermaking machine.[br]Fourdrinier's father was a paper manufacturer and stationer of London, from a family of French Protestant origin. Henry took up the same trade and, with his brother Sealy (d. 1847), devoted many years to developing the papermaking machine. Their first patent was taken out in 1801, but success was still far off. A machine for making paper had been invented a few years previously by Nicolas Robert at the Didot's mill at Essonnes, south of Paris. Robert quarrelled with the Didots, who then contacted their brother-in-law in England, John Gamble, in an attempt to raise capital for a larger machine. Gamble and the Fourdriniers called in the engineer Bryan Donkin, and between them they patented a much improved machine in 1807. In the new machine, the paper pulp flowed on to a moving continuous woven wire screen and was then squeezed between rollers to remove much of the water. The paper thus formed was transferred to a felt blanket and passed through a second press to remove more water, before being wound while still wet on to a drum. For the first time, a continuous sheet of paper could be made. Other inventors soon made further improvements: in 1817 John Dickinson obtained a patent for sizing baths to improve the surface of the paper; while in 1820 Thomas Crompton patented a steam-heated drum round which the paper was passed to speed up the drying process. The development cost of £60,000 bankrupted the brothers. Although Parliament extended the patent for fourteen years, and the machine was widely adopted, they never reaped much profit from it. Tsar Alexander of Russia became interested in the papermaking machine while on a visit to England in 1814 and promised Henry Fourdrinier £700 per year for ten years for super-intending the erection of two machines in Russia; Henry carried out the work, but he received no payment. At the age of 72 he travelled to St Petersburg to seek recompense from the Tsar's successor Nicholas I, but to no avail. Eventually, on a motion in the House of Commons, the British Government awarded Fourdrinier a payment of £7,000. The paper trade, sensing the inadequacy of this sum, augmented it with a further sum which they subscribed so that an annuity could be purchased for Henry, then the only surviving brother, and his two daughters, to enable them to live in modest comfort. From its invention in ancient China (see Cai Lun), its appearance in the Middle Ages in Europe and through the first three and a half centuries of printing, every sheet of paper had to made by hand. The daily output of a hand-made paper mill was only 60–100 lb (27–45 kg), whereas the new machine increased that tenfold. Even higher speeds were achieved, with corresponding reductions in cost; the old mills could not possibly have kept pace with the new mechanical printing presses. The Fourdrinier machine was thus an essential element in the technological developments that brought about the revolution in the production of reading matter of all kinds during the nineteenth century. The high-speed, giant paper-making machines of the late twentieth century work on the same principle as the Fourdrinier of 1807.[br]Further ReadingR.H.Clapperton, 1967, The Paper-making Machine, Oxford: Pergamon Press. D.Hunter, 1947, Papermaking. The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft, London.LRD
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